The results of research on yielding capacity of early potato breeding lines are presented in the article. To get stable early potato yield it is reasonable to cultivate a number of varieties because of different reaction of varieties on features of growing period.

The purpose of potatoes breeding work in Siberian Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture is to create high-yielding varieties adapted to the ecological conditions of Western Siberia, fulfils to the requirements of consumers on the range of major agronomic traits of high quality indicators, early ripeness, resistant to the most common diseases and pests. The article offers new varieties included in State Registers of Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan Hozyayushka, Dunyasha, VID-1, Sotochka, Sarovskii as well as new variety Bylina Sibiri which is passed to the State Testing in Russian Federation and promising varieties Kormilica testing in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The productivity of new varieties significantly exceeds standards varieties of the relevant maturity groups. The maximum yield that is obtained by tests results at the state trail plots of Western Siberia is 45–49 t/ha. All new varieties have high cooking qualities 4.5–4.8 score (on the five point scale estimation), high content of starch 16–19 %. Varieties Hozyayushka and Sarovskii are resistante to potato cyst nematode, variety Sotochka has a high content of vitamin C (18–22 mg%), protein (2.5–2.8 %).

The research results on the laws inheritance of importance to human health food substances – antioxidants are presented in the article. The effective selection ways of source material and perspective to create samples with high total antioxidant capacity of the original forms and hybrid combinations are offered. The characteristics of potatoes hybrids and varieties are allocated.

On the basis of the following types of S. demissum, S. verrucosum, S.vernei, S. berthaultii, S. microdontum and S. andigenum perspective interspecies hybrids for selection on buck eye rot resistance are received. The following hybrids are recommended for buck eye rot resistance as initial forms for selection: F 1 – 66-06-7, 66-06-12, 73-10-3, 228-06-2, 31-06-11, 31-06-22, 140-07-18 and 55-10-38; F 2 – 273-05-7, 104-05-2, 107-05-35, 107-05-33, 107-05-32, 107-05-13 and 143-08-13.

On the basis of collection the potatoes varieties studying of domestic and foreign breeding in the conditions of the Omsk region the complex assessment of varieties according to the following criteria: resistance to diseases, eating quality, chips recyclability after five months storage is carried out.

The selection efficiency largely depends on how well matched the parent form. More reliable breeding value on the original form can be judged by determining their combining ability. The article presents the results of the evaluation of potatoes hybrids on the basis of productivity with various combinations of crossbreeding for 2013–2015. The analysis of the correlation between number of tubers, starch content, marketability, average weight of marketable tuber and productivity. General and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) of maternal and paternal forms are defined. Varieties and hybrids with high GCA can be considered the best parent forms and be recommended as initial material for creation of highly productive varieties.

The allelic state of resistance genes for X and Y viruses (Rx_adg and Ry_adg respectively) as well as the hypersensitivity gene Rm to virus M was studied on the basis of the molecular markers application in five potatoes varieties. Belarusian varieties with good donor properties were found. So, Delphin has 3–4 copies of the genes Rx_adg and Rm; variety Neptune carries 2 copies of the genes Rx_adg and Ry_adg, the gene Rm presented in 3–4 copies; Dubrava has two copies of the gene Ry_adg and one copy of the genes Rx_adg and Rm; german variety Albatros carries one dose of the gene Rx_adg and two copies of the gene Rm; variety Meridian has one copy of the gene Rm.

The microarray technique is optimized for analysis of transcriptomes of cells of potatoes leaves and tubers. The microarray images of the transcriptomes for cells of control and transgenic plants with genes of antimicrobial peptides are obtained. The genes with the exclusive expression in transgenic samples are detected as a result of the wide-frame transcription estimation.

In the conditions of climatic changes plants suffer from temperature fluctuations. It is possible to reduce temperature of transition from a gel phase to liquid crystal thanks to changes of fat and acid structure of membrane lipids towards increase in the share of nonsaturated fatty acids. Desaturase are enzymes which promote formation of double communications in fatty acids. The desA gene coding the D12-acyl-lipidic desaturase of a cyanobacterium of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is used in the work. Plants of Solanum tuberosum potatoes of the Ukrainian varities which expressirut this gene are received. In these plants the insert of hybrid genes and an expression of reporterny white were proved. At transgenes investigated a range of fatty acids by method of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. It is found out that plants which expressirut desA gene differ in the increased content of linoleic acid in comparison with control.

The results of starting material creation based on dihaploids and wild potatoes species with high starch level are presented in the article. Types with the highest starch level after hybridization are identified. Additionally, the article analyses «starch level» trait inheritance in tetraploid hybrid populations as well as identifies potatoes interspecific hybrids that are recommended as starting material in selection producing high starch level in combination with other commercially valuable traits.

The analysis of existing creation schemes of starting potatoes material on diploids level is presented in the article and the reasons for the choice of Chase scheme with some changes and additions are given.

The research results on the effect of gamma irradiation on the seeds viability of the seedlings first year of saturating interspecific crosses are given. It is proven to impact on germination of seeds, material loss of crop when grown in boxes, greenhouse, field as the radiation dose and the inheritance of the seedlings and the mutual factors influence. Some combinations were characterized by low percentage of germination regardless of the options. At a favorable combination of influence of factors a part of the sprouted seeds reached 98.6 %. The same applies to the amount of precipitated material in sowing boxes. Very small loss of plants found during their growing in the greenhouse with few exceptions can not be mentioned regarding the survival rate of seedlings in the field and its further growth. Minimum total loss of seedlings the first year was characterized by combinations of offspring 10.6G38 ´ Letana and 08.195/73 ´ Mezhyrichka in control, as well as the latest combination after irradiation with 200 Gy.

The evaluation results of potatoes breeding material for field resistance to viruses in artificially created infectious background are presented in the article. Degree of field resistance of the studied perspective selection samples of potatoes to viruses is established. As the results of three years testing the samples with very high, high and medium degree of field resistance to PVX, PVY, PVS, PVM and PLRV were selected. After complex evaluation to other economically important traits six new varieties were released.

The breeding material of potatoes hybrid clones from the VIR collection was evaluated on technological, biochemical and morphological tubers properties. Most part of hybrid clones produce tubers with round-oval shape and high consumer qualities: good taste, high starch content, non-darkening flesh. Most hybrid clones combine high consumer qualities with resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors.

The most widespread diseases, blasts and weeds of potatoes are described during vegetation and storage on the territory of the Republic of Belarus. Optimum conditions under which there is infection with pathogens and their epiphytoty development are shown. Measures of fight against the purpose of the greatest possible decrease in injuriousness and receiving qualitative tubers of new harvest are designated.

Highly specific antiserums to four black leg strains of Pectobacterium atrosepticum Pa393, Pa18077, Pa204-3 and Pa201-4 were obtained. High immunological activity and specificity to Pectobacterium atrosepticum for the antiserums received on the basis of strains of Pa393 and Pa18077 are shown. Based on the antiserums the specific compounds of the ELISA test systems were developed with detection limits of 2·10⁴–10⁵ cells/ml and without crossreactivities to closely related and other pathogenic bacterias. Comparative testing for P. atrosepticum infection of the potatoes seeds showed high level of agreement of the developed ELISA results with the results of PCR based on primers Eca 1f/2r and commercial diagnostic ELISA kits Loewe Biochemica (Germany).

During the vegetative periods 2014–2015 the influence of seed tubers handlings protectants on potatoes growth and development was studied. All examine medicines reduced energy of viability and indicators of growth and development (bush height, density formation). Energy decrease of shoots depended on preparative form type and options Maxim and Diskor in the maximum regulation of 0.4 l/t were more significant. In the lowered consumption rate Diskor, KE (0.08 l/t) showed higher tolerance in comparison with Diskor, KS. Energy decrease of shoots was shown substantially only in case of the first accounting in 14 days after landing. The variety Lugovskoy (mid-season) showed big tolerance to handling by medicines than early ripe Lyubava.

The research results on the selection of the Belarusian isolates PVX virus of potatoes intended for the artificial infection of plants drives to obtain preparative amount of potato virus are given in the article.
It is shown that the effective use of the Belarusian isolate N-76-15 as infector for infecting plants-drives. As a result of cleaning sheet material of plants of Datura stramonium has been obtained virus preparation with high concentration 8.92 mg/ml.

The research results of potatoes cultivation on beds are presented. When making «Mais» herbicide, STS (50 and 30 + 20 g/ha) in mixture with PAB Bit 90 (0,2 l/ha) destruction of pests on the potatoes after 30 days treatment accounted for 97.6–98.4 %, and their vegetative mass decreased by 93.1– 95.8 %, thus obtained significant yield increase which amounted to 8.4 t/ha. The application of mineral fertilizers doses N₉₀P₆₀K₁₅₀ and N₁₂₀P₉₀K₁₈₀ on the background of 40 t/ha of organic fertilizers will provide the marketable potatoes yield in the seedbeds on grades: Manifest in 2 lines – 44.7–47.6 t/ha and 3 rows – 45.5–49.9 t/ha; Skarb – 39.8–43.3 and 42.6–45.5 t/ha; Aktsent – 42.8–46.8 and 39.1–45.5 t/ha, respectively.

The new preparation Green Lift for presowing cultivation seed and planting material and foliar application, protection from diseases and stress coping the different nature of plant crops is created. The highest yield of potatoes tubers was achieved when processing Green Lift planting and in budding and flowering. The increase to control constituted respectively on grades 8.9 and 11.2 t/ha. It was most economic to process three times when landing and in phases budding and blossoming.

The new cultivation technology of potatoes is based on obtaining high quality tubers and large commercial fraction 60 mm or more which is used in the preparation of potatoes products.
Key technology elements include potatoes planting on the broad ridges and the use of mineral fertilizers high doses. The effectiveness of technology elements are studied on varieties of different ripeness groups.
The proposed cultivation technology allows to increase potatoes yield by 15 %, marketable tubers yield – 0.7 and 2.9, the starch content – 0.9–2.2, vitamin C content – 1.1–4.1 %.

The research results during 2010–2016 presents comparative analysis of potatoes and topinambur biocenoses. The main attention is given to the rapidly changing natural and climatic conditions and aftereffect of the changings.
The results of conducted accounts showed that climate changings had a direct impact on development and numbers of many explored species and weedages.
In the Central region of Russia the species diversity and numbers of living microorganisms in agrosystems are decreasing. Infirm-adaptive and rare species replaced by well-adaptive and more substantial.

The research using results of the first time in sod-podzolic sandy loam soil of the north-eastern part of Belarus of complex fertilizers new forms for the main application and foliar feedings with the content of macro- and micronutrients and growth regulators and their influence on the yield and quality of potatoes tubers are given.

The research results of soil density with various width of row-spacings with the corresponding set of cars are presented. On the semiloamy dernopodzolic soil optimum density for potatoes with volume weight of arable layer of 0–10 cm – 1.0 g/cm³, 10–20 cm – 1.1–1.2 g/cm³.

The potatoes yield is mainly depend on the mineral nutrition level in the forest of the South Urals (contribution factor – 30.2 %), seed dressing (27.8) and planting density (21.5 %). But at least extent on the efficiency of potatoes influence period (5.1 %) and the planting depth (1.7 %) as well as the interaction between the AC factors (planting time and dressing tubers – 5.2 %), AD (time and planting density – 3.1) and AB (time and planting depth – 1.8 %). Agroclimatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Southern Urals guarantee the programmable yield 25 t/ha and in conditions of security sufficient precipitation – 40 t/ha of tubers as landing May 17–20 and for late planting dates (June 1–5). In order to do this on a steam predecessor (spring rape on the green manure) fertilizer used the planned yield and planting carried out with the simultaneous treatment of seeds 17–20 May at depth of 5–6 cm, and on June 1–5 – 10–12 cm depth.

The dependence of quality indicators (taste, starch grains quantity, etc.), individual elements of potatoes cultivation technologies varieties of different maturity groups is given on the base of research in 2013–2015. The tubers taste worsened, the size of starch grains decreased at heavy fertilizing in quickly ripening varieties.

The article presents the results of scientific support tasks 2.6 «To Develop Technology and Build a Multifunctional Line for Potatoes and Topinambur Vacuuming» of the Union State Program «Innovative Development of Potatoes and Topinambur Production in 2013–2016», performed by RUE «RUE «Scientific and Practical Center for Foodstuffs of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus». The basic stages of work and the research results are given.

The description of designed technology of dampfeed and dry concentrate by potatoes pulp processing is presented in the article. The given researches were conducted in RUE «Scientific and Practical Center for Foodstuffs of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus».

The dispergating results of dry mashed potatoes and dried topinambour are presented in the article, the estimation of worked out grinding is given on the received quality of an end product.
The researches were conducted in RUE «Scientific and Practical Center for Foodstuffs of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus».

The research results were conducted, testing and performance building of washing machine of brush type in RUE «Scientific and Practical Center for Foodstuffs of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus».

The article presents the research results of testing and construction of washing drum machine performance. The studies were conducted in RUE «Scientific and Practical Center for Foodstuffs of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus».

The construction rationale of design and parameters of rotary cultivator-ringer is executed on the basis of the analysis of the applied and perspective technologies of soil preparation for potatoes planting. The car is intended for ridge-forming tillage for potatoes planting and also for preemergent planting hilling.

The research results on the dynamics of potatoes tuber yield accumulation and the commercial yield on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil of the Gomel region are presented in the article.

Experimental data on productivity and quality of potatoes early varieties (Krepysh, Udacha) depending on entering NPK-fertilizers and microbiological preparations are presented «Azotovit», «Fosfatovit», «Biocompozit-korrekt» and «Agrinos А+В» (HYT A+B) which are received in three short-term experiences (2009–2011 and 2015) on sod-podzolic sandy and loamy soils of Russian Nonchernozem belt.

The potatoes varieties vary greatly in their ability to grow in culture in vitro depending on growing medium. The research aim was to investigate the effect of vitamins and hormones concentration on the development of different potatoes varieties in culture in vitro and optimal concentration identification.

The research results of impact of nano fertilizer «Nanoplant Co, Mn, Cu, Fe» on the growth and development of potatoes explants in culture in vitro of varieties Palats and Bogach are given in the article. It's established that for early variety of «Nanoplant Co, Mn, Cu, Fe» in concentration 0.1 ml/l and for semilate – 0.035 ml/l raise biometic indicatoes of plants in vitro.

The research results on the effect of varietal features and size of planting tubers on the quality of the original potatoes seed in 2013–2015 are represented in the article. It has been established that the fraction increase of the 1st tuber generation from 5 to 30 mm the number of tubers per plant is increased depending on the grade by 7.6–107.4 %.

The research results of seed potatoes quality and its productivity in use of bio-organic preparations «prorastin» and «polestin» in presented шn the article.

The field tests results of seed potatoes production by three-line bed technology with the modern agricultural machinery are given in the article.

Technology introduction of microtubers cultivation in laboratory process promotes year-round cultivation in vitro of material. It can be used as addition to the program of clonal microreproduction. Microtubers receiving on the basis of container technology use will allow to increase the plants food area in a sterile vessel and, respectively, to receive higher exit of standard fraction. As a result of this element application of technology the reproduction coefficient of the studied grades increased by 1.3–1.4 times in comparison with formation option of microtubers in cultures in tubes. The quantitative exit of standard fraction of container technology use increased by 1.5–1.8 times that allowed to create additional fund of initial material for original potatoes seed farming.

The research results of efficiency estimation of modern micro- and nano fertilizers in the seed potatoes planting are presented in the article.

The research results on potatoes tubers storage of different varieties under different conditions are given. It was found that increased temperature and lower humidity increase potatoes losses during storage and reduction of seed tubers productive properties.

This article discusses how to optimize the production process of potatoes plants in aeroponic conditions – use of nano fertilizer «Nanoplant Co, Mn, Cu, Fe» in the composition of the nutrient solution in all phases of plant ontogenesis.

The research results of storage properties of potatoes tubers under different temperature regimes of storage are presented in the article. The evaluation of four storing potatoes 1–2, 3–4, 4–5, 5–6 °С is given.

In the cultivation of potatoes using biopacks and leaf processing plants, silicon-, iodine- and selenium-containing preparations obtained yield increase to 5.8 t/ha (34.5 %) on the variants of variety early Zhukovskiy and to 5.9 t/ha (31.0 %) on the variants of variety of Yubiley Zhukova. The yield of marketable tubers fresh potatoes, sold in the trading network, the categories «selected» more than 50 mm in greatest transverse diameter from 30.6 of 34.6 % (control without biopacks and without leaf treatments) increased to 40.8–43.2 %.

The research results of Skulachev ions use with geroprotective properties at various stages in original seed potatoes production are represented. In vitro when adding SkQ1 preparation (2.5 nM) in the artificial nutrient medium there was an increased survival rate of tissue explants varieties with shorter vegetation period by 16–43 % and varieties with longer vegetation period – 7– 13 %. Simultaneously, the output of stem cuttings after the first grafting of regenerants grew in 1.9–2.7 times and the number of cultivated micro plants was doubled after 5–7 passages in culture. In the field treatment of seed tubers with Skulachev ions (25 nM) and followed by spraying of plantings in the phase of budding – beginning of flowering (2.5 nM) promoted more intense development of vegetative plants mass (1.5 times the height and 1.7–2.1 of leaf area) and increased the length of growing season. As a result of getting reliable increase in yield of the studied varieties was 1.4–1.5 times.

The efficiency results of new potatoes varieties of different ripening during the creation of optimum soil fertility with drip irrigation use are given. The irrigation efficiency is shown and varieties with yield over 60 t/ha are separated.

The promising direction of innovative development of potatoes and topinambur production is discussed in the article, economic justification is provided. The joint programme «Innovative Development of Production of Potatoes and Topinambur» for the period 2013–2016 is developed and approved for performing such tasks in the agricultural and processing sector of Russian economy.

The necessity of radical structural refurbishing in domestic potatoes product subcomplex of Agroindustrial Complex has been motivated. The insuring problems of food security of EEU counties are considered.